Friday, August 3, 2012

我們窮得只剩下「樓」 (作者: Bittermelon)


不論現任或者前任,最近涉及高官的新聞不絕於耳。他們不是涉嫌潛建花棚地宮、違規自建相連單位,就是被質疑多收差餉津貼、騙取房津、偷步買樓,甚至有人被控收受巨額賄款,總之花樣多多。不過,這些事情都有一個共通點,就是均涉及房地產。


這也難怪,香港土地資源珍貴,比錢更能保值,加上中國人「要有個瓦遮頭」的觀念,房地產自然是港人最關心的物事。不論是租樓還是買樓,租客還是業主,它都影響我們的生活甚深,說是生命的全部也不為過,即使不願意去承認。


節衣縮食為地產商打工


特別是近幾年,樓價高企不單帶動物價上升,連「價值觀」也一樣。這裏講的不是做人處世,而是我們如何去看「錢」的價值。好像早前在網上廣傳的「窮人恩物」就是一例。在不久以前,擁有「百萬」就是「富翁」,但現在一個值400萬的物業也只被視為「窮人」的「恩物」,實在令人唏噓。


若以此做標準,擁有100萬身家的再不能叫富翁,或者應改名成為「百萬乞兒」。而且某銀行的那個百萬富翁調查也要將標準上調,否則連乞兒的身家也去調查,只會給那位地產代理訕笑白癡。其實真的要多謝那位代理,此君給我們當頭棒喝,叫醒一眾港人,沒有400萬的只是窮人,沒有樓的更連做乞兒也沒有資格。


自97年以來,我們都只是為「樓」奔馳。未有樓的要節衣縮食為求盡快「上車」,上了車的也要慳吃儉用為求盡早把樓按供完。回歸十五年了,我們仍是替地產商打工,仍然是一貧如洗,就算幸運在退休之前把樓債還清,最後也窮得只剩下「樓」而已。


不論有樓冇樓,香港人個個是樓蟹,就算不打算置業而只租住房屋的也不能幸免,除非有幸入住公屋居屋,否則因業主連連加租而成為孟母的何只三遷,簡直是居住在草原上的遊牧民族,過着流浪無根的生活。


一直在問為什麼?很多人都簡單地將問題歸咎於內地投資者,說他們將香港樓價推高,雖然筆者也相信有影響,但並不是主因。歸根究底,與香港的高地價政策不無關係。


特區政府雖然從未承認過,但沒有這政策長期推行,地產商何以維持高樓價?政府口口聲聲說香港的土地資源珍貴不可賤賣,所以高地價是合理的,一派理直氣壯,堵住批評者的口。但合理價錢不等於賤賣,羊毛出在羊身上,地產商不會不賺錢,地價高昂換來的代價就是百物騰貴,市民要窮一生力氣來換取安樂窩。


需求仍強須從根本入手


近年,香港推出私人市場的土地有限,可是住居需求仍然很大,供求失衡之下,樓價高企是理所當然。例如政府停建居屋,令很多希望「上車」的年輕夫婦,以及欲改善居住環境的公屋居民不得不投向私人市場,加上超低利率環境,也是將樓市推高的原因。


雖然在一年前政府推出了額外印花稅,但最近就有研究指出,目前的樓價指數比未實施前更高。此舉旨在打擊炒樓活動,而且成效顯著。


例如最具代表性的「摸貨」宗數,在額外印花稅實施前佔成交比例2%,一年後的今天已跌至0.4%。炒買活動近幾絕迹,但樓價還是大幅上升,說明什麼呢?就是樓房需求依然強勁。要解決問題應由根本做起,增加房屋供應才是正理。


可是,上一屆的政府始終不肯在土地供應中着手,反而收緊按揭,令用家上車難上加難。


最近就有研究指出,若港人要在市區置業,一個普通家庭要不吃不用十一年,才儲夠錢買一個400呎的單位。而且不論是買樓或是租樓,港人的負擔是十年來最重。這個調查是截至去年的,可是,樓價於今年中再度攀升,即是我們的負擔能力比調查出來的結果更差。


住屋是港人的重大民生議題,既然上一屆政府不能把問題解決,我們惟有寄望現屆政府。不過,新政府剛推出的政策例如青年宿舍和白表免補地價買二手居屋,雖則的確能幫助某階層的人,但受惠人數始終有限,而且暫時還未見到比較長遠而且有序的計劃。當然,現階段去批評似乎太早,只希望現屆政府着力從根本入手。祝我們早占勿藥,藥到病除。

5 comments:

Albert said...

This is the worst article I have read from HKYAA. This is simply an article reflecting the writer's anger and grievances on the property prices in HK. There is no analysis of the root cause and put all the blame on Government. Many other commentators were worst - they put the blame on property developers. Both are WRONG! The very simply reason for the high property prices in HK is because HK has adopted a low tax framework. Income tax ceiling in HK is 15% compared to 30 to 60% in Western countries. Because the income tax revenue is so small, Government has to adopt so called "high land price" policy otherwise who is going to pay for Government revenue on education, hospital, infrastructure etc?

Wanna change this situation? Simple: raise income tax rate by 300% and adopt VAT of 20% (some European countries have this rate).

You are an accountant and should know this better than me, a layman!

Anonymous said...

Umm....how about the case in Singapore?

Anonymous said...

According to Albert, it is not the HK government's fault for the skyrocketing house price. He wrote that we enjoy the low tax rate because of the "high land price" policy , so HK government is the greatest in the world. He must agree with the followings :
1. It is poor HK people's fault to have been born into this greatest city.
2. It is their parents' fault for bringing them to this greatest city.
3. We should be grateful to live in this greatest city and keep our mouths shut no matter how many hours we work a day.We should just consult the doctors happily if one day we suffer from liver failure due to inhuman long working hours. We should take whatever we are given. Then Hong Kong is the most wonderful place in the world.

bittermelon said...

多謝Albert兄以及另外兩位匿名君的留言和意見.坦白講,我自己也認為這篇文章寫得很差,而且在稅務和房地產方面也的確是門外漢.

不過,對Albert兄的見解,我有些地方不同意.特別是香港樓價高是因為低稅率這一方面.就以匿名君所舉出新加坡的例子就可以說明,低稅率的地方也可以解決住房問題.

Anonymous said...

Low tax rate is not something new in HK. I don't see a strong correlation btw tax rate and property price. HK people are so extreme: when the property price rises to high level like now, they complain; when the price level drops like the post Asia financial crisis and SARS period, they don't buy flat even it's affordable. Government officials dare not to hit the bubble because many business rely on the rising property market. No one can anticipate the market response. Plus it's obvious that hk government is reluctant to bear the risk bought by hitting the property price